Untreated aquaculture wastewater discharged directly into the environment poses a significant potential risk to the ecosystem. This study applies a rotating algal biofilm system (RAB) to investigate the biomass growth and pollutant removal capabilities of C. Vulgaris in this type of wastewater. Results show that the TKN and NH4⁺-N removal reached approx. 90% in the steady state, with the highest removal rates of 4.5 mg/L.day and 2.7 mg/L.day, respectively. The TP removal rate reached 1.4 mg/L.day, achieving a maximum efficiency of 86.8%. The COD removal was improved, reaching 84.6% with a highest rate of 67.67 mg/L.day. Attached biomass increased from 2.53 g/m2 .day to 3.85 g/m2.day, while suspended biomass increased to 2.40 g/m2 .day. This demonstrates the high potential of the RAB system in nutrient recovery and biomass productivity in sustainable aquaculture.