Study on Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of Fractions from Coptosapelta Flavescens Korth. Rubiaceae in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cell Line

Abstract

Coptosapelta flavescens has been reported to possess various biological activities, particularly antioxidant and cytotoxicity effects. This study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of fractionated extracts against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The fractions were obtained by solvent partitioning with increasing polarity, namely n-hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol.Total polyphenol content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), and cytotoxicity by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT). Polyphenols were primarily distributed in the ethylacetate, chloroform, and dichloromethane fractions, with their concentrations of (186.65, 211.95, and 219.66) µg GAE/mg, respectively. These fractions also exhibited antioxidant capacity with IC₅₀ values of (15.24, 12.27, and 11.59) µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, they demonstrated cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-231 cells, reducing cell viability by 50% after 72 h at concentrations of (88.12, 106.67, and 104.72) µg/mL, respectively. These findings indicate that these fractions are promising sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic potential.